{"id":355,"date":"2023-12-20T17:05:21","date_gmt":"2023-12-20T17:05:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/?p=355"},"modified":"2023-12-24T08:34:05","modified_gmt":"2023-12-24T08:34:05","slug":"the-twist-and-turns-a-guide-to-glycosidic-torsion-angles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/?p=355","title":{"rendered":"The Twist and Turns: A Guide to Glycosidic Torsion Angles"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"355\" class=\"elementor elementor-355\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-79be44e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"79be44e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-32d10b3\" data-id=\"32d10b3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dbfe15a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dbfe15a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Glycosidic bonds, the linkages between sugar molecules, are the building blocks of complex carbohydrates found everywhere from DNA to cellulose. But did you know that these seemingly simple connections hold a hidden layer of complexity within their rotation? Yep, we&#8217;re talking about <strong>glycosidic torsion angles<\/strong> \u2013 the invisible dance of twisting atoms that dictates the three-dimensional shape and function of countless biomolecules. Buckle up, because we&#8217;re about to delve into this fascinating world!<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e7f4bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7e7f4bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Content to Contemplate:<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f4bb84 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7f4bb84\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">1. What are glycosidic torsion angles?<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c2cbe6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c2cbe6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul data-sourcepos=\"8:4-9:0\"><li data-sourcepos=\"8:4-9:0\">Imagine two sugar rings linked by a glycosidic bond. Glycosidic torsion angles, denoted by <strong>\u03c6<\/strong> (phi) and <strong>\u03c8<\/strong> (psi), describe the rotational angles between these rings around the bond. Think of them as the twist and turn of the sugar duo!<\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"8:4-9:0\"><strong>\u03c6<\/strong>&#8211;\u00a0<strong>dihedral angle\u00a0<\/strong>between H-1 and C-X&#8217;.<\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"8:4-9:0\"><strong>\u03c8- dihedral angle\u00a0<\/strong>between H-X&#8217; and C-1.<\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"8:4-9:0\">Constraints put on these angles by the exo-anomeric effect and steric considerations.<\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"8:4-9:0\">For the \u03b1-glycoside, the preferred conformation has the aglycone projection into the plane.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-92fd5cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"92fd5cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"524\" height=\"416\" src=\"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Screenshot-2023-12-24-at-13.26.56.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-360\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Screenshot-2023-12-24-at-13.26.56.png 524w, https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Screenshot-2023-12-24-at-13.26.56-300x238.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 524px) 100vw, 524px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2876260 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2876260\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>\u00a0Orbital overlap with other lone pair of the glycosidic oxygen causes bad steric interaction. Newman projection.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a9d741 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5a9d741\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"471\" height=\"172\" src=\"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Screenshot-2023-12-24-at-13.35.48.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-365\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Screenshot-2023-12-24-at-13.35.48.png 471w, https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Screenshot-2023-12-24-at-13.35.48-300x110.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 471px) 100vw, 471px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-07ea090 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"07ea090\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>For the \u03b2-glycoside, again the preferred conformation has the aglycone projecting into the plane.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2c6b8b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d2c6b8b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"502\" height=\"416\" src=\"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Screenshot-2023-12-24-at-13.38.51.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-366\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Screenshot-2023-12-24-at-13.38.51.png 502w, https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Screenshot-2023-12-24-at-13.38.51-300x249.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 502px) 100vw, 502px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-730a1f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"730a1f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Orbital overlap with the other lone on the glycosidic oxygen pair causes bad steric interactions.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be64a7e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"be64a7e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"261\" height=\"219\" src=\"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Screenshot-2023-12-24-at-13.46.59.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-371\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f14e1d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f14e1d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>\u03c6 is typically 45-60 degree &#8211; heavily influenced by the anomeric effect. For smaller aglycone the angles is closer to 60 degree, for the larger aglycone closer to 45 degree.<\/li><li>\u03c8 is typically 0 (+,-) 20 degree. Most sensitive to the steric interaction.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eddc53a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"eddc53a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2. Why are they important?<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e07bc6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6e07bc6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 These angles aren&#8217;t just for show! They determine:<\/p><ul><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul data-sourcepos=\"12:7-14:0\"><li data-sourcepos=\"12:7-12:167\"><strong>Shape and stability:<\/strong> Different \u03c6 and \u03c8 values lead to distinct molecule shapes, impacting everything from enzyme-substrate interactions to protein folding.<\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"13:7-14:0\"><strong>Function:<\/strong> For example, \u03b1-amylase, a starch-digesting enzyme, relies on specific torsion angles for its sugar-grabbing abilities.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff54879 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff54879\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">3. Exploring the angles:<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-58a3d2a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"58a3d2a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul data-sourcepos=\"16:4-17:148\"><li data-sourcepos=\"16:4-16:177\">Each type of glycosidic linkage (\u03b1 or \u03b2) has preferred \u03c6 and \u03c8 ranges. We can measure these angles using X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, and computational methods.<\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"17:4-17:148\">But be warned, it&#8217;s not always a static picture! Glycosidic bonds can exhibit flexibility, changing angles depending on their environment.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-851121e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"851121e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">4. Real-world applications:<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-110152d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"110152d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Understanding glycosidic torsion angles is crucial in various fields like:<\/p><ul><li data-sourcepos=\"20:7-20:105\"><strong>Drug discovery:<\/strong> Targeting carbohydrate-based mechanisms in diseases like cancer and diabetes.<\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"21:7-21:100\"><strong>Biotechnology:<\/strong> Engineering enzymes with enhanced properties for industrial applications.<\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"22:7-23:0\"><strong>Food science:<\/strong> Designing healthier food products by manipulating carbohydra<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c2a450 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c2a450\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">FAQs for the Inquisitive Mind:<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fcfec4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1fcfec4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">1. How many glycosidic torsion angles are there?<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6adf3f7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6adf3f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul data-sourcepos=\"27:4-27:89\"><li data-sourcepos=\"27:4-27:89\">Most disaccharides have two (\u03c6 and \u03c8), but complex carbohydrates can have many more!<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e046fac elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e046fac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2. What factors influence glycosidic torsion angles?<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7523259 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7523259\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul data-sourcepos=\"29:4-29:99\"><li data-sourcepos=\"29:4-29:99\">Steric clashes, hydrogen bonding, and interactions with neighboring molecules all play a role.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ec0c17 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2ec0c17\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">3. Can we manipulate glycosidic torsion angles?<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e5833c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e5833c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul data-sourcepos=\"31:4-31:99\"><li data-sourcepos=\"31:4-31:99\">Yes! Chemical modifications, mutations, and even environmental factors can alter these angles.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e6e8e68 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e6e8e68\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">4. Are there any resources for further exploration?<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c041485 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c041485\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul data-sourcepos=\"33:4-33:71\"><li data-sourcepos=\"33:4-33:71\">Databases like the Cambridge Structural Database and software like PyMOL can visualize and analyze glycosidic torsion angles.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9c1696b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9c1696b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">5. Is there a future for glycosidic torsions in research?<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ebed7be elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ebed7be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul data-sourcepos=\"35:4-36:0\"><li data-sourcepos=\"35:4-36:0\">Absolutely! With advancements in technology and our understanding of carbohydrate biology, the possibilities are endless!<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-06c6072 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"06c6072\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Remember, glycosidic torsion angles may seem small, but their impact is vast. So, keep twisting and turning those molecules in your mind, and unlock the secrets of the sugary world!<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1be89a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1be89a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>P.S.<\/strong> Don&#8217;t be afraid to delve deeper into specific topics mentioned here. Research papers, review articles, and online tutorials are your friends! And if you have any questions, feel free to comment below \u2013 let&#8217;s keep the glycosidic conversation flowing!<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Glycosidic bonds, the linkages between sugar molecules, are the building blocks of complex carbohydrates found everywhere from DNA to cellulose. But did you know that these seemingly simple connections hold a hidden layer of complexity within their rotation? Yep, we&#8217;re talking about glycosidic torsion angles \u2013 the invisible dance of twisting atoms that dictates the &hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/?p=355\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">The Twist and Turns: A Guide to Glycosidic Torsion Angles<\/span> Read More &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/355"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=355"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/355\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":378,"href":"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/355\/revisions\/378"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=355"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=355"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=355"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}