{"id":406,"date":"2024-01-14T16:46:30","date_gmt":"2024-01-14T16:46:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/?p=406"},"modified":"2024-01-29T17:52:04","modified_gmt":"2024-01-29T17:52:04","slug":"protection-of-carbohydrate-formation-of-acetals-between-diols","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/?p=406","title":{"rendered":"Protection of Carbohydrate &#8211; Formation of Acetals between diols"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"406\" class=\"elementor elementor-406\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6a0220a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6a0220a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c639e2\" data-id=\"1c639e2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0367df9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0367df9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In the intricate world of organic chemistry, carbohydrates stand as fundamental building blocks, playing pivotal roles in various biological processes. To safeguard these crucial molecules during synthetic transformations, chemists employ ingenious strategies, one of which involves the formation of acetals between diols.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9ca4648 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9ca4648\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Acetals: The Unsung Heroes of Protection:\n<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9293ae3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9293ae3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Acetals \u2013 versatile compounds that act as the guardians of carbohydrates during synthetic transformations. The formation of acetals involves the reaction between a carbonyl group, typically an aldehyde or ketone, and a diol. This process results in the creation of a stable acetal, effectively shielding the carbonyl group from unwanted reactions.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd91eca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd91eca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In some cases possible to form acyclic or &#8220;mixed&#8221; acetals, but in general cyclic acetals are of more use.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-244c058 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"244c058\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"473\" height=\"146\" src=\"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-14-at-21.41.32.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-408\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-14-at-21.41.32.png 473w, https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-14-at-21.41.32-300x93.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 473px) 100vw, 473px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c4287e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c4287e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Acid Catalysts Frequently Used:<\/p><ul><li>\u00a0p-TsOH, camphorsulfonic Acid, H2SO4, HCO2H, HCl<\/li><li>Resin bound H+ (Dowex etc)<\/li><li>ZnCl2, CuSO4, FeCl3<\/li><\/ul><p>Typical Carbonyls<\/p><ul><li>Benzaldehyde, acetone, substituted benzaldehydes, cyclohexane, cyclopentanone, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde<\/li><li>Carbonyl equivalents &#8211; Acetals<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e935ab2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e935ab2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"430\" height=\"124\" src=\"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-14-at-22.05.28.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-409\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-14-at-22.05.28.png 430w, https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-14-at-22.05.28-300x87.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 430px) 100vw, 430px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-800e113 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"800e113\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Carbonyl equivalents &#8211; enrols ethers<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f7bbded elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f7bbded\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"398\" height=\"136\" src=\"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-14-at-22.03.26.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-410\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-14-at-22.03.26.png 398w, https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-14-at-22.03.26-300x103.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 398px) 100vw, 398px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc7df20 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc7df20\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d38d3b\" data-id=\"9d38d3b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6854eca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6854eca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Product formation is heavily dependent upon the stereochemistry of the sugar involved.<\/p><p>Most frequent cyclic structures involve the formation of dioxolane rings between 1,2 diols or 1,3-dioxane rings between 1,3 diols.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2df4cf8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2df4cf8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"502\" height=\"162\" src=\"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-14-at-22.15.13.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-411\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-14-at-22.15.13.png 502w, https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-14-at-22.15.13-300x97.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 502px) 100vw, 502px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7fb3d65 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7fb3d65\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Acetal Formation on Acyclic Diols (Alditols)<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85654b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"85654b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>General comments about dioxolane formation<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d77c564 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d77c564\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"317\" height=\"123\" src=\"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-27-at-21.05.48.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-421\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-27-at-21.05.48.png 317w, https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-27-at-21.05.48-300x116.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 317px) 100vw, 317px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8cf483e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8cf483e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>erythro- diols from dioxolanes that have eclipsed R groups. Formation is slow.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd3b9c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"dd3b9c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"343\" height=\"136\" src=\"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-27-at-21.09.06.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-422\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-27-at-21.09.06.png 343w, https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-27-at-21.09.06-300x119.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 343px) 100vw, 343px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df9e2cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"df9e2cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>thero- diols from dioxolanes in which R groups are not eclipsed. Formation is fast.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dafc95a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"dafc95a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"367\" height=\"107\" src=\"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-27-at-21.11.15.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-423\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-27-at-21.11.15.png 367w, https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-27-at-21.11.15-300x87.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 367px) 100vw, 367px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cd4a6d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1cd4a6d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Dioxolanes from aldehydes and <em>erythro<\/em>&#8211; diols. More stable form has the alkyl group on the same side as the other substituents.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb5253e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"eb5253e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"337\" height=\"103\" src=\"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-27-at-21.14.21.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-424\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-27-at-21.14.21.png 337w, https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-27-at-21.14.21-300x92.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 337px) 100vw, 337px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1624941 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1624941\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"360\" height=\"207\" src=\"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-27-at-21.14.48.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-425\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-27-at-21.14.48.png 360w, https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-27-at-21.14.48-300x173.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd835bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cd835bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>General comments about 1,3-dioxane formation.<\/p><ul><li>C-O bond shorter (1.43 \u00c5) than the C-C bond (1.54 \u00c5) and hence the dioxanes are not perfect chairs.<\/li><li>Due to these bond lengths, 1,3 diaxial interactions involving a group at C-2 are larger in 1,3 dioxins than in cyclohexanes.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a0006d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a0006d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"228\" height=\"106\" src=\"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-28-at-10.26.29.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-433\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72b3da0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"72b3da0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Results in a significant shift in the equilibrium between conformers.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee134d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ee134d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"422\" height=\"192\" src=\"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-28-at-10.35.35.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-435\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-28-at-10.35.35.png 422w, https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-28-at-10.35.35-300x136.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 422px) 100vw, 422px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b330a79 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b330a79\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Reaction of 1,3 diols with ketones. Show, because you always have an axial group at C-2.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77eb24c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"77eb24c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"260\" height=\"112\" src=\"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-28-at-20.00.35.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-451\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-acd5c94 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"acd5c94\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Reactions of 1,3 diols with aldehydes. Fast, thermodynamic product with the equatorially substituted alkyl group is formed.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a36a5c8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a36a5c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"287\" height=\"133\" src=\"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-28-at-20.03.28.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-453\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e8753e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e8753e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Reaction of \u03b2-erythro-diols. Aldehydes react faster than ketones.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-02959de elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"02959de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"410\" height=\"239\" src=\"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-28-at-20.24.28.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-454\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-28-at-20.24.28.png 410w, https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-28-at-20.24.28-300x175.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 410px) 100vw, 410px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9488254 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9488254\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Reaction of \u03b2-threo-diols. Aldehydes react slowly and ketones essentially not at all.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9c4ac2a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9c4ac2a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"435\" height=\"219\" src=\"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-28-at-20.26.32.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-455\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-28-at-20.26.32.png 435w, https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-28-at-20.26.32-300x151.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 435px) 100vw, 435px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e2ccc26 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e2ccc26\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Summary:<\/p><p>Reactions of alditols with ketones<\/p><ul><li>Gives dioxolanes (avoids unfavourable 1,3 diaxial interactions in dioxanes).<\/li><li>\u03b1-threo diols react faster than \u03b1-erythro diols.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0395af9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0395af9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Reactions of alditols with aldehydes.<\/p><ul><li>Gives predominantly dioxanes (eclipsing of substituents in dioxolanes makes the dioxanes more stable).<\/li><li>\u03b2-erthyro diols react faster than \u03b2-threo diols.<\/li><li>Thermodynamic product (equatorial C-2 substituent) predominates.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48586f8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48586f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Acetal Formation on Cyclic Sugars (Reducing Sugars)<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b16e2a3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b16e2a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Product Formation depends on both the stereochemistry of the OHs involved as well as the stability of the carbohydrate ring.<\/li><\/ul><p>General trends<\/p><ul><li>Dioxolane formation on trans-1,2 diols, under normal conditions, does not occur. Can&#8217;t form trans-fused-5-membered rings.<span style=\"font-style: inherit; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-293c3ed elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"293c3ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"462\" height=\"222\" src=\"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-29-at-23.13.20.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-487\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-29-at-23.13.20.png 462w, https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-29-at-23.13.20-300x144.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 462px) 100vw, 462px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-854cea9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"854cea9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Dioxolane Formation on cis-1,2 diols will form, but slowly.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9404dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f9404dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"334\" height=\"116\" src=\"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-29-at-23.20.27.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-489\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-29-at-23.20.27.png 334w, https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-29-at-23.20.27-300x104.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 334px) 100vw, 334px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c8c3ed elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6c8c3ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Ring structure makes it impossible for the most stable dioxolane (from \u03b1-threo-diols) to form therefore the \u03b1-erythro-reacts to give the product.<\/li><li>Fusion of the dioxolane ring onto the chair causes it to flatten. Flattening of the chair sometimes brings trans-diols close enough together to react.<\/li><li>(-) Inositols<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac38e75 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ac38e75\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"436\" height=\"369\" src=\"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-29-at-21.02.58.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-480\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-29-at-21.02.58.png 436w, https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-29-at-21.02.58-300x254.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 436px) 100vw, 436px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2802645 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2802645\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>\u00a0Dioxane \u00a0formation occurs most readily between o4 and o6 on pyranosides and between o5 and o3 on furanosides.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19d0ad2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"19d0ad2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"305\" height=\"120\" src=\"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-29-at-19.26.33.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-476\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-29-at-19.26.33.png 305w, https:\/\/chemtry.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-29-at-19.26.33-300x118.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 305px) 100vw, 305px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In the intricate world of organic chemistry, carbohydrates stand as fundamental building blocks, playing pivotal roles in various biological processes. To safeguard these crucial molecules during synthetic transformations, chemists employ ingenious strategies, one of which involves the formation of acetals between diols. Acetals: The Unsung Heroes of Protection: Acetals \u2013 versatile compounds that act as &hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/?p=406\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Protection of Carbohydrate &#8211; Formation of Acetals between diols<\/span> Read More &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/406"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=406"}],"version-history":[{"count":56,"href":"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/406\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":495,"href":"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/406\/revisions\/495"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=406"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=406"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chemtry.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=406"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}